The Environmental Impact Assessment is a very essential process that is used to evaluate the environmental consequences of projects before they are approved or implemented on the ground. This assessment makes sure that decision makers consider environmental, social, and economic factors and do not neglect them while they are in the development phase. EIA promotes sustainable development and makes sure to protect all the natural resources, biodiversity, and community well-being. These 25 MCQs have been highly researched from authentic sources. EIA has been a buzz topic in all the competitive exams and is also the nearer of the hour, so all the candidates who are preparing for the competitive exams conducted by UPSC, JKPSC, JKSSB, SSC, Railway and Banking exams are advised to go through these 25 MCQs to check their level of preparation and at the same time know where they need to learn more.
The main goal of an Environmental Impact Assessment is to study how a proposed project may affect the environment before starting it.
A) To approve any project without review
B) To predict environmental effects before a project starts
C) To stop all industrial projects
D) To avoid public participation
Correct Answer: (B) To predict environmental effects before a project starts
Environmental Impact Assessment helps in achieving sustainable development by preventing harm and promoting eco-friendly project planning.
A) By promoting eco-friendly and balanced growth
B) By ignoring environmental rules
C) By increasing project costs
D) By delaying the approval process
Correct Answer: (A) By promoting eco-friendly and balanced growth
Environmental Impact Assessment in India became mandatory after the enforcement of which environmental protection law?
A) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
B) Water Act, 1974
C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
D) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Correct Answer: (C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
Which central ministry of the Indian Government is responsible for granting environmental clearance to major development projects?
A) Ministry of Power
B) Ministry of Urban Affairs
C) Ministry of Science and Technology
D) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Correct Answer: (D) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
The detailed document that summarizes findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment study is known as what?
A) Environmental Record Book
B) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
C) Environmental Progress Report
D) Environmental Audit Sheet
Correct Answer: (B) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Public hearings in Environmental Impact Assessment allow which group of people to express their views on the project?
A) Only government officers
B) Local community and affected people
C) Project managers only
D) Engineers and contractors
Correct Answer: (B) Local community and affected people
Environmental Impact Assessment ensures that environmental concerns are included during which project stage?
A) Operation stage
B) Closure stage
C) Planning and decision-making stage
D) Post-construction stage
Correct Answer: (C) Planning and decision-making stage
The screening step in Environmental Impact Assessment helps decide whether a project needs what kind of study?
A) Financial analysis
B) Detailed EIA study or not
C) Marketing survey
D) Political review
Correct Answer: (B) Detailed EIA study or not
Scoping in Environmental Impact Assessment is a process used to identify which environmental issues are most important for the study.
A) Key environmental issues and impacts
B) Social welfare schemes
C) Financial profits of the project
D) Industrial safety norms
Correct Answer: (A) Key environmental issues and impacts
Baseline data in an Environmental Impact Assessment describes environmental conditions existing in the area before what?
A) Project implementation
B) Government approval
C) Public hearing
D) Financial allocation
Correct Answer: (A) Project implementation
Which of the following types of projects generally require a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment report in India?
A) Small shops and hotels
B) Home construction projects
C) Large hydroelectric dam projects
D) Village-level water tanks
Correct Answer: (C) Large hydroelectric dam projects
Mitigation measures in Environmental Impact Assessment are designed to reduce which kind of project effects?
A) Financial risks
B) Negative environmental impacts
C) Political risks
D) Human resource issues
Correct Answer: (B) Negative environmental impacts
The monitoring step of Environmental Impact Assessment is conducted after the project has been fully what?
A) Implemented
B) Cancelled
C) Designed
D) Approved on paper
Correct Answer: (A) Implemented
Which of the following shows the correct order of steps followed in a standard Environmental Impact Assessment process?
A) Screening → Approval → Funding → Operation
B) Review → Construction → Reporting → Closure
C) Screening → Scoping → Impact Analysis → Mitigation → Report → Decision → Monitoring
D) Proposal → Action → Feedback → Disposal
Correct Answer: (C) Screening → Scoping → Impact Analysis → Mitigation → Report → Decision → Monitoring
Public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment increases transparency and helps in which of the following?
A) Reducing corruption only
B) Public participation and consultation
C) Removing government control
D) Avoiding scientific data
Correct Answer: (B) Public participation and consultation
In India, Environmental Impact Assessment procedures were officially introduced through a government notification released in which year?
A) 1994
B) 1984
C) 2001
D) 1991
Correct Answer: (A) 1994
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) focuses on studying the environmental impacts of which category of actions?
A) Local road construction only
B) Small business operations
C) Single industrial projects
D) Policies, plans, and programs
Correct Answer: (D) Policies, plans, and programs
Environmental Impact Assessment is important mainly because it helps maintain a balance between which two major needs?
A) Industry and politics
B) Development and environmental protection
C) Urbanization and migration
D) Employment and tourism
Correct Answer: (B) Development and environmental protection
Environmental Impact Assessment helps in detecting harmful environmental effects before they become what kind of problem?
A) Irreversible or permanent
B) Temporary or small
C) Economically profitable
D) Politically useful
Correct Answer: (A) Irreversible or permanent
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to describe how to handle and minimize which effects?
A) Financial mismanagement
B) Human resource issues
C) Environmental protection during and after project completion
D) Social security challenges
Correct Answer: (C) Environmental protection during and after project completion
Public hearings in an Environmental Impact Assessment are organized by which authority in each state?
A) State Environment Department
B) District Magistrate
C) State Pollution Control Board
D) Ministry of Agriculture
Correct Answer: (C) State Pollution Control Board
One major advantage of Environmental Impact Assessment is that it helps prevent what kind of long-term losses?
A) Environmental and economic damages
B) Political losses
C) Business competition
D) Cultural exchanges
Correct Answer: (A) Environmental and economic damages
Environmental clearance is only given to a project when the Environmental Impact Assessment confirms it is what?
A) Economically most profitable
B) Environmentally acceptable and manageable
C) Politically supported
D) Technically complicated
Correct Answer: (B) Environmentally acceptable and manageable
The cumulative impact in Environmental Impact Assessment refers to the combined effect of which type of situations?
A) One project over a short time
B) A project’s economic benefits
C) Several projects or activities in the same region
D) Only mining activities
Correct Answer: (C) Several projects or activities in the same region
The Environmental Impact Assessment report is reviewed by an expert committee mainly to check what important aspects?
A) Accuracy, completeness, and environmental compliance
B) Political benefits only
C) Financial accounts only
D) Social media feedback
Correct Answer: (A) Accuracy, completeness, and environmental compliance
